Teacher Evaluation Essay Example for Free

Instructor Evaluation Essay Instructor assessment is a perplexing procedure. It is a progression of exercises and activities that are interconnected and at last identified with a particular reason. Everyday, educators manage complex issues and from this, they ought to be assessed as experts which implies that their guidelines ought to be created by their companions and their assessment thus center around the degree in which they take care of expert issues. While not in every case valid, the accentuation of these assessments ought to be on their capacity to instruct and not them as sole people, while thinking about the contribution of the general instructive procedure. The general dependable guideline is that the assessment procedure commonly includes arrangement, perception, information gathering, detailing and in particular, development. In spite of the fact that every one of these fills a particular need all through the general assessment process, while missing only one, an ineffectual assessment frameworks being to reverberate. After some time, ineffectual educator assessment frameworks have gotten more expensive than compelling by and large techniques. As a rule, educator assessment programs contain second rate material since they neither improve a teacher’s instructional ability, nor do they grant the excusal of awkward instructors. These focuses bring into clear point of view the requirement for viable instructor assessment approaches, and the requirement for sheets and chairmen to look at these practices so as to improve learning openings across various circumstances. In 2001, Patricia Hopkins became administrator of the Five Town CSD and Maine School Administrative District #28 in Camden Rockport with one of her first assignments being to audit summative assessments of the considerable number of educators in the two locale. What she found grieved her, however yet this didn't amaze her simultaneously. As she read through the assessments, she found that many were brimming with valentines her assertion for ambiguous, useless recognition and to a great extent denied of useful analysis or solid criticism. Hopkins accepted that instructor assessment held incredible potential to improve guidance, so she set out to take out the valentines by reinforcing the way of life and structures supporting educator assessment in area schools (Kane, Taylor, Tyler, Wooten, 2010). Lately, the focus on educator assessment has strengthened. For myself, this was something of a subject that I at first offered practically zero responsibility towards until survey â€Å"Waiting For Superman† this semester. With this inside investigate a thorough survey of government funded instruction with it’s deliberately dismembering the framework and its apparently immovable issues, presently like never before is the general audit of teacher’s execution an absolute necessity in our scholarly networks. With dismembering that the teacher’s impact on understudy learning and accomplishment, experts, policymakers, and specialists are starting to call for boosting the judgment and nature of a teacher’s assessment. From this, we are beginning to see the reputation for assessment and how the expanding agreement that instructor assessment could have a significant impact in improving educating and learning. During the last rush of endeavors to fortify instructor assessment, thinking back to the 1980s, most activities passed on the spot. This time around, in any case, there might be cause for more confidence. Key changes in the training scene may put forth it simpler for wide scale improvement attempts to grab hold. In addition, a few schools and locale, similar to those Hopkins leads, have just made moves to all the more firmly interface educator assessment with instructional improvement and expanded understudy learning, alongside executing genuine ramifications for the individuals who perform greatly and for different instructors who perform ineffectively. Over and over, examinations of summative assessment evaluations of teacher’s show that by far most of educators in any school, locale, or state are appraised above now and again well better than expected (Donaldson, 2009). Despite the fact that it is conceivable that all instructors are better than expected in certain schools, there is commonly more variety in educator viability inside schools than between them. Accordingly, any school low performing or high performing, well off rural or under resourced urban is probably going to utilize more failing to meet expectations educators than its assessment appraisals recommend (Hanushek, Kain, OBrien, Rivkin, 2005). Truth be told, the two principals and instructors accept that educators are less viable than appraisals demonstrate which eventually prompts expanded appraisals of educators and this mirrors the accompanying issues that truly limit the degree to which assessment could improve guidance and accomplishment. Poor Evaluation Instruments: Systems have will in general accentuate what can be estimated, not really what makes a difference. Thusly, assessment instruments have generally expected evaluators to search for things that they can undoubtedly be verified, (for example, the tidiness of release sheets), yet that may not demonstrate excellent guidance. Restricted District Guidance: Districts ordinarily provide little guidance in regards to what evaluators should search for. Rather than giving rules or rubrics that detail the substance of assessments, areas are bound to set out courses of events and clarify forms (Koppich Showalter, 2008). Absence of Evaluator Time: Evaluators, generally school chairmen, report having deficient chance to direct intensive and precise assessments. As the announcing necessities for schools have expanded, evaluator’s time has gotten significantly more difficult to find. Absence of Evaluator Skill: Evaluators frequently need explicit information about the substance regions in which they assess instructors, particularly at the auxiliary level. In addition, proficient improvement for evaluators isn't regular or exhaustive. Absence of Evaluator Moral Fiber: Principals are not generally considered responsible for directing thorough assessments. A culture of pleasant plagues schools, stifling basic criticism and urging principals to rate all instructors better than expected. Nonappearance of High-Quality Feedback for Teachers: Even however educators express a powerful urge for increasingly concrete, definite input, evaluators by and large don't give it after their perceptions (New Teacher Project, 2009). Scarcely any Consequences Attached to Evaluation: Because there is little variety in the instructors summative assessment appraisals, educators who encourage astoundingly well can't be distinguished or compensated. Simultaneously its hard to distinguish, if necessary, the individuals who battle (New Teacher Project, 2009). In spite of the profound, longstanding foundations of these issues, the difficulties may be simpler to defeat than they show up. Right now, we find out about the connections among instructing and learning than whenever previously (Donovan Pellegrino, 2003). We know, for instance, that express guidance in the alphabetic rule is a key part of successful understanding guidance (National Reading Panel, 2000; Snow, Burns, Griffin, 1998). This information empowers evaluators to decide if such guidance is happening. Also, the instructor workforce is experiencing a gigantic change as children of post war America resign and people in their 20’s 30’s enter educating. There is some sign that new educators today contrast from the resigning age (Johnson Project on the Next Generation of Teachers, 2004). Studies propose that they are more open to differential acknowledgment and awards than are their resigning partners. At last, instructors associations, since quite a while ago saw as a significant boundary to the improvement of educator assessment, have demonstrated an expanding receptiveness to working together with areas to improve the evaluation of educators (Johnson, Donaldson, Munger, Papay, Qazilbash, 2009; Weingarten, 2010). Another indication of expectation is in the regions that are now making progress and advancing towards fixing the connection between educator assessment and improved guidance and †conceivably accomplishment. While analyzing the above circumstance, alongside two different areas, I had the option to get diverse a superior comprehension on various advances taken toward alleviating a portion of the current issues in instructor assessment. These methodologies speak to another course in assessment that, in the event that it spreads, can change instructing and learning. In Ohio, Cincinnatis Teacher Evaluation System applies an impact on guidance and likely fortress on understudy accomplishment (Kane, Taylor, Tyler, Wooten, 2010). This assessment framework became out of a 1997 aggregate haggling understanding between the Cincinnati Board of Education and the Cincinnati Federation of Teachers. Through cautious investigation and counsel from specialists in exploration and practice, they had the option to build up a program for its 58 schools and around 2,200 instructors that gives a reasonable assessment framework and structure that mitigates a portion of the normal issues with educator assessment. Utilizing Charlotte Danielsons (2007) structure as a guide, Cincinnati has fabricated its assessment rules on 16 measures that are conspicuous inside four explicit spaces: (1) Planning and Preparing for Student Learning, (2) Creating an Environment for Student Learning, (3) Teaching for Student Learning, and (4) Professionalism. Generally speaking, this framework dedicates extensive time and assets to giving proficient improvement on these norms. From this, instructors in the area can apply for a three-year term as an evaluator or a counseling educator. Through this procedure, educator evaluators are committed to lead three perceptions, while executives direct one of the tenured instructors four conventional perceptions during the thorough assessment cycle, which tenured instructors experience at regular intervals. Two of the perceptions are declared, and in any event two are trailed by post-perception meetings with evaluators. New instructors and battling veterans are assessed under a diffe

Listing Securities

Posting of Securities Chapter Objectives ? To comprehend the idea of posting of protections ? To know the standards for posting shares ? To get familiar with the posting system ? To comprehend the idea of delisting Concept of Listing of Securities ?It implies the affirmation of portions of an open constrained organization on the stock trade to exchange. ?An organization proposing to have its offers recorded on the stock trade needs to compose an application to at least one perceived stock trades. ?An organization gets able to list its offers in the wake of getting the earlier consent from the stock trade. A portion of the benefits of posting of protections are: ? Liquidity Best costs Wide exposure ? A few disservices of posting of protections are: ? Exposed to different administrative measures ? Costly exercise Criteria for Listing An organization that needs its protections to be recorded in the stock trade needs to satisfy certain base necessities, for example, ? Least gave capital: An organization ought to have least given capital of Rs. 3 crores and the base open offer must be of Rs. 75 lakhs. ?Posting on various trades: It is fundamental for an organization to get recorded in the stock trade if its settled up capital is above Rs. crores. ?Number of investors: An organization must have a base ten investors. ?Articles of Association: The Articles of Association must be set up in accordance with the sound corporate act of an organization. ?Promotion: An organization during the membership time frame must not publicize by saying thanks to people in general for their mind-boggling reaction. ?Applying mode: An organization must issue an outline, which gives data on how the financial specialist ought to apply for the offers. ?Open offer size: An organization, in the primary page of the plan must express the size of the open offer and the estimation of offers. Posting ProcedureTo get the posting authorization from the stock trade, an organization needs to embrace th e accompanying advances: ?Preliminary conversation: An organization must have a point by point conversation with the specialists of the stock trade so as to obtain total information about the different conventions to be finished for posting of protections. ?Articles of Association endorsement: An organization must satisfy the accompanying prerequisites so as to get the Articles of Association affirmed by the stock trade specialists: ?It must utilize a typical type of move. ?In the event of dispersing profits, it must consent to Section 205-A f the Companies Act. ?The free managing of offers must not be confined by any arrangement. ?Draft plan endorsement: It is exceptionally basic for an organization to get its draft outline affirmed from the stock trade specialists. A plan must contain all the data required by the stock trade. Posting Application ?An organization that needs to offer its offers through the outline must document an application to the stock trade. ?An organization nee ds to document following declarations alongwith the outline: ?Three affirmed duplicates of the notice and articles of affiliation, and debenture trust deed. A duplicate of each report, monetary record, valuation, court request, and so on as determined in the outline. ?Guaranteed duplicates of endorsing, financier and deals managers’ understanding. ?Duplicates of concurrences with the money related foundations. Posting Fee ?It is an expense charged by the stock trade from the organization for allowing the company’s protections to be exchanged the trade. ?It shifts from significant stock trades to provincial stock trades. ?It additionally changes because of the value base of the organization. Posting of Right Shares An organization needs to satisfy certain conventions if there should be an occurrence of isting right offers in the stock trade, for example, ? ? ? ? ? An organization must illuminate the stock trade about the date of meeting with the Board of Directors for t hinking about the proposition of posting right offers. An organization must get the assent of the investors by passing on an uncommon goals. An organization must document a letter of offer that gives the money related data about the present market cost of the offer. An organization must document a letter of offer inside about a month and a half. An organization must document an example duplicate of the offer letter to the stock trade. Delisting It is the expulsion of a company’s shares from the posting in the stock trade. ? Delisting can be of two sorts: ? Mandatory: The reasons for necessary delisting are as per the following: ? Non-installment of the posting expense ? Non-redressal of complaints ? Unreasonable exchange rehearses carried on by the chiefs ? Willful: The foundations for deliberate delisting are as per the following: ? ? ? Business suspended Mergers and takeovers Small capital base Chapter Summary By now, you ought to have: ? Comprehended the idea of posting of protections ? Educated the methodology of posting of protections ? Comprehended the idea of delisting

HOW TO Use Social Media For Sales And Marketing

HOW TO Use Social Media For Sales And Marketing Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!HOW TO: Use Social Media For Sales And MarketingUpdated On 09/01/2018Author : Sheraz Khan BalochTopic : Social MediaShort URL : https://hbb.me/2CERM8O CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogSocial media can play an important role in sales and Marketing. It strengthens a relationship between the customers and the company. If a company wants to become a leading company on internet then social media is the right path for it.How to Get Started with Social MediaIf you have decided to use social media for sales and marketing for your Business and you don’t know where to focus the power then the time spent on social media and all efforts done will be in waste. To ensure that you are going well, you will have to do some research before using the social media to know that which social media networks you should use for this prospect. You can take a poll or survey for people who use social media daily. Many companies use LinkedIn, Twitter and Facebook but some industries have made their own forums to interact with people. However many companies prefer to use both the above 3 social media networks as they are free to use. If you are going to use social media then make sure to do only those activities which can enhance the relationship between you and people. Avoid time wasting videos and other games which will not leave a good impression for you on people.Twitter For Sales and MarketingFinding ProspectsWhen you create a Twitter Account, make sure to include a picture on profile and the link of your website or blog. Also enter detailed description about you in your profile. Please remember that if you don’t place a profile and background picture and don’t write info about you then the account can appear “spammy”. Also include contact information so that your followers can reach you.Now find your prospects using find tab which will be located on the top. N ow extend your search and follow those people who are following the people whom you are following and also those people whom your followers are following. Now follow the people which are in your industry and also follow the people who are following your competitors. Remember that Twitter has 2000 follower limit. It increases as your followers increase.Now keep yourself active on Twitter by monitoring the tweets of those people whom you are following. Looks for your competitor’s tweets where people are not satisfied with their products and if your product can solve their problem then post your tweet in the reply of those people’s tweets.Interacting with Prospects and FollowersMeanwhile when you are increasing your followers, you should share real time news that may be interesting to your prospects. Share your tweets there a few times in a day. Now what type of news and tweets you should post? The answer is simple. About your latest products, the most selling products and giveaway s and meanwhile you can also share the tweets regarding your meetings with your vendors.Facebook for Sales and MarketingCreating ConnectionOn Twitter, you can follow the people whom you don’t know but on Facebook, it is inappropriate if you add friends whom you don’t know. You should add only those people whom either you have spoken in the past or if they are from the same industry from where you belong to. Here I would like to suggest that before adding people, either poke them or send them a message to ask them for being friend. If they poke you back or they reply you with their positive response then add them. Otherwise if they reject your invitation then may be your account will get blocked.READ10+ Simple Tips To Increase FriendFeed SubscribersIf you are leading your company on Facebook then you should make a Facebook page and promote your content there. There share your news, links etc about your company, products and giveaways and then share that news on your own wall from your page.Connection through ConversationOn Facebook, you can make more connections by participating on different groups and pages. Try to join the most active pages and groups and participate on the most recent discussions. If someone gets interested with your discussion then you can invite him/her to be your friend.Facebook Search OptionYou can use Facebook search option to invite people for friendship. You can search people by name or by company name, industry or college/university or with a specific location by entering city name.LinkedIn for Sales and MarketingCreating ConnectionsLike Facebook, it is not appropriate to connect with people whom you don’t know however ou can connect with those people with whom you have worked before. Same like Facebook, if you connect with those people whom you don’t know, you can ban from the LinkedIn. The more connections you will have, you will get better chance to get higher interaction to your profile and posts. But before going further more, you will have to complete your profile by entering your all expertise and experiences. Once your profile is updated and completed, you can connect with people now.Connection through ConversationBesides connections and referrals, you can connect with people by participating in group discussions. You can join the groups regarding your industry and there you can participate the discussions. Same as Facebook, if someone is interested to be your connection then go further to add him/her. Meanwhile avoid by using marketing tune in your comments or discussions as your profile can be marked as “Spam” and can be banned. Meanwhile you can participate in the discussions of your competitors but you should keep in mind that always do discussions in a good manner. You can follow these examples.A Good Example:I had a customer ask for a way to solve X problem. We recommend X. Can you think of any other creative ideas to solve this problem?A Bad Example:I don’t like ABC competitor. I hea r XYZ (my company) is better. What do you think?I believe that following all the above rules and tips, you get a good chance to get popular on the social media. Meanwhile this will lead you to increment of your sales.

Loss of Innocence in Wordsworths Nutting Essay - 1900 Words

A Loss of Innocence in Wordsworths Nutting A romantic poet, William Wordsworth examines the relationship between the individual and nature. In the poem Nutting, Wordsworth focuses on the role that innocence plays in this relationship as he describes a scene that leads to his own coming of age. Unlike many of his other poems, which reveal the ability to experience and access nature in an innocent state, Nutting depicts Wordsworths inability as a young boy to fully appreciate nature, causing him to destroy it. Addressing a young girl, most likely his sister, he writes to poem as a warning of what happens within oneself when one does not fully appreciate nature. In his youth, the speaker is too excited by duty and too tempted by†¦show more content†¦As he heads into the forest, the speaker describes himself as tricked out in proud disguise of cast-off weeds to help with his task (9). Although dressed in cast-off weeds, a costume made of someones garbage, the boy is proud to wear them, showing his delight in his task. When the boy reaches his chosen hazelnut tree, the innocence of nature further provokes him and adds to his desire to reap natures hidden treasure that his duty already caused. When he gets to the spot, the speaker describes it as one dear nook, unvisited, where not a broken bough drooped with its withered leaves (16-18). The word unvisited reveals the purity of the scene, an image that is heightened by the lack of a broken bough and withered leaves, pointing to the vibrancy of the small area. In contrast, the hazels rose tall and erect, with tempting clusters hung, a virgin scene! (19-21). The usage of tall and erect addresses the word drooped from the previous image and further emphasizes this vibrancy. The phrase tempting clusters hung reveals the boys desire to collect the hazelnuts. This craving to strip nature of its fruit is shown in the exclamation a virgin scene!. Virgin evokes the innocence of the scene, while the sexual nature of the word suggests that the boy sees nature as something he has the power to corrupt, a prospect which excites and entices him, shown by the exclamationShow MoreRelatedWordsworths Nutting1863 Words   |  8 PagesA Loss of Innocence in Wordsworths Nutting A romantic poet, William Wordsworth examines the relationship between the individual and nature. In the poem Nutting, Wordsworth focuses on the role that innocence plays in this relationship as he describes a scene that leads to his own coming of age. Unlike many of his other poems, which reveal the ability to experience and access nature in an innocent state, Nutting depicts Wordsworths inability as a young boy to fully appreciate nature, causingRead MoreSummary of She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways11655 Words   |  47 Pagesthe English Romantic poet William Wordsworth (1770–1850) between 1798 and 1801. All but one were first published during 1800 in the second edition of Lyrical Ballads, a collaboration between Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge that was both Wordsworths first major publication and a milestone in the early English Romantic movement.[A 1] In the series, Wordsworth sought to write unaffected English verse infused with abstract ideals of beauty, nature, love, longing and death. The poems were written

Pictures of the Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor

How Is the Holocaust Represented in Film. - 2937 Words

How Has the Holocaust Been Represented in Film? ‘The Holocaust’ was the massacre of nearly six million Jews in parts of Europe controlled by Adolf Hitler and his Nazi party leading up to and during World War II. When the Nazi party first came to power in 1933 they began building on the anti-Semitist feelings in Germany; introducing new legislations that gradually removed the Jews from society such as the Nuremberg Laws which prohibited marriage or extramarital sexual intercourse between Jews and German citizens and required Jews to wear an armband with the Star of David on it so they could be identified as a Jew. Encouraged by the Nazi’s, people began to boycott Jewish ran businesses and in the November of 1938 they were openly attacked,†¦show more content†¦After several months in the ghetto, Szpilman and his family are chosen to be taken to the Treblinka death camp, however, Szpilman is saved from boarding the train by Itzak Heller, a Jewish police officer, while his family board the train never to b e seen again. Szpilman is then put to work under gruelling, abusive conditions with the ten per cent or so of the Jews that the Nazi’s kept alive to use for slave labour; tearing down the walls that use to separate the ghetto from the rest of Warsaw and rebuilding the houses for new, non-Jewish residents. The Jews who are still alive are planning on rebelling Szpilman helps; smuggling guns into the ghetto. But after almost being caught by a Nazi soldier who suspects he is concealing something in a bag of beans, Szpilman decides to attempt an escape and take his chances hiding in the city. His friend, Dorota, and her husband hide him in an empty apartment near the ghetto wall where he can get by on smuggled food; however he must not make a noise or go outside as there are other, non-Jews living in the building to all believe the room to be empty. From his apartment window he helplessly watches the Jewish ghetto uprising from the 19th of April 1943 to its unsuccessful end on th e 16th May. He lives silently in the abandoned apartment for another few months until he accidently smashes a shelf of china plates. Although SzpilmanShow MoreRelatedHistorical Representation: An Undervalued Paradox Essay1274 Words   |  6 PagesHistorical media, most specifically film, has existed since history began. 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During this time Oskar Schindler, Nazi businessman and former spy, started a factory originally to make money but soon turned into a plot to save Jews from being murdered by the Nazi Party. Schindler saved and accommodated for around 1100 Jewish people, spending all his money to both keep Nazi officers quiet and look after the Jewish people.Read MoreSymbolism Of The Film And The Mouse Hole1386 Words   |  6 Pageshers message with the reader or viewer with the help of certain symbols. In the novel Maus and the film Schindler’s List, both Art and Spielberg use symbolism to show the true meaning of what happened during the Holocaust. Both the film and novel share similar and different symbols. Two of the biggest symbolic details of the novel and film is The little girl in the red coat who appeared throughout the film and the mouse hole which was talked about in the nove l. 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Yet we don’t remember the importance of our own historyRead MoreThe Story Of Schindler s List1206 Words   |  5 PagesThe novel Schindler’s List written by Thomas Keneally and the film recreated by the award winning director Steven Spielberg is known to be one of the most â€Å"amazing portrayals of the Holocaust† (Marks and Torry). Many stated that when the novel was written, â€Å"Thomas Kineally wrote something much more powerful than just a biography, not only did he tell the story of a great Holocaust hero, but also at the same time it d escribed dreadful horrors of World War II† (Marks and Torry). The story of Schindler’sRead MoreThe Holocaust And The Hunger Games2595 Words   |  11 PagesRemembering the Holocaust in The Hunger Games (2012), Inglourious Basterds (2009), and V for Vendetta (2005) In Western culture, the Holocaust has developed into a paradigm of modern dangers surrounding racism, bureaucracy and patriotism (Ebbrecht 86). The Holocaust is remembered in popular cinema and portrayed in modern films such as The Hunger Games (2012), Inglourious Basterds (2009), and V for Vendetta (2005) when they base their plots on the idea of targeting a selective group for death. Although

Building Corporate Accountability Emerging Practice †MyAssignmenthe

Question: Discuss about the Building Corporate Accountability for Emerging Practice. Answer: Introduction: Origin Australia and Westpac are among the big Australian companies operating in the energy industry and banking sector respectively. Westpac was established in the year 1917 in Sydney as the Bank of New South Wales (BNSW) being the first bank in Australia. It later changed the name to Westpac Banking Corporation in 1982. Its headquarters are located at Westpac Place, Sydney. It is ranked among the top four banks in Australia. The company has over 13.1 million customers with over 1429 branches ("Westpac - Personal, Business and Corporate Banking," n.d.). It is the second largest bank in Australian terms of assets. This, therefore, shows that this company has an influence on the Australian economy (Keating et al., 2008, pp. 17579). On the hand, Origin Energy is the leading Australian power provider both to homes and businesses. The company has its headquarters located in Sydney, Australia but running the business up to Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific. It specializes in exploring the energy, its production, power generation and electricity retailing; selling of energy to many households in Australia. The company has been in operation in the energy industry since its formation in the year 2000. At the moment, the company supplies electricity to over 4.2million customers in Australia and also produces and sales natural gas and LPG in the country. Origin is, therefore, an established company in Australian energy sector ("Electricity Providers Gas Suppliers - Origin Energy," n.d.). Comparison of Origin Australia and Westpac Westpac has an established system of reporting the social and ethical performance. Its primary reporting tools are the website and the Stakeholder Impact Report. This report covers the social and moral metrics of the company; covering the issues of employees, the community, customers and the shareholders. Also, at Westpac, the data integrity of the Stakeholder Impact Report is beyond testing to ensure independence in their corporate responsibility ("Westpac - Personal, Business and Corporate Banking," n.d.). Besides, Westpac has set a sustainability committee which has been mandated to oversee and guide the business in the social, ethical and sustainable well-being of the organization. Through the committee, the company can handle and manage the ever-changing community expectations. The board manages all aspects of the ethical and social well-being of the company; including reviewing, overseeing, setting corporate standards and monitoring among others (Eisingerich Ghardwaj, 2011, pp. 1818). Westpac has also embedded its ethical and social sustainability in its strategy, and its values have gone ahead to be extended to the products, brand, and services. The organizations approach is based on the wider and integrated view of the CSR. Through this, the group has managed to convince most of its customers that Westpac is a strong brand in the market offering the best services in the industry ("Westpac - Personal, Business and Corporate Banking," n.d.). This has, therefore, the sustainability of Westpac and has even made the company to win many awards in Australia concerning its CSR practices. Origin releases sustainability reports annually since it is in the enterprise values to deliver this responsibility. The company uses Strategic Net Promoter Score as a customer satisfaction measure to establish its level of interaction with the stakeholders (Keating, et al., 2008, pp 17579). This, therefore, helps the company to get figures and understand the level of the social, ethical and sustainability performance level of the enterprise. The company has enhanced digital service to improve on the stakeholder's interactions with the enterprise. Also, the company has provided extended call center hours to improve customer satisfaction. Besides, Origin considers environmental conservation as a corporate social responsibility and has put a lot of efforts to ensure that it achieves this. It is currently the Australian provider leader in renewable and low carbon energy provider (Albareda, et al., 2007, pp. 391-407). Explanation for Difference in Social Responsibility Explanation of the differences in the range and number of ethical, social and sustainability issues handled at Origin Australia and Westpac can be attributed to their industry differences. The two organizations operate in different industries with Westpac working in finance and banking sector while Origin Australia is operating in Energy Industry. In as such much as some ethical, social issues may be common to the two industries, most of them are different because the two companies have different processes of carrying out their business with different organizational structures (Griffin Vivari, 2009, pp. 235-250). This differences in industries prompt the companies to formulate policies appropriate policies that suit them. This, therefore, brings differences in the sustainability reports of the two companies (Simnett, et al., pp. 937-967). Besides, the difference in the sustainability reports and range of issues handled between Origin Australia and Westpac can be explained to be associated with the difference in organizational culture that exists between the two organizations (Klarsfeld Delpuech, 2008). Different companies have different corporate cultures. This has effects on the way ethical and social issues are handled in a given company. Organizational culture influences the way employees of a given company to handle their problems. This, therefore, brings out the difference between the two businesses (Dey, 2007, pp.423-445). Zadek et al. (1997) outlined eight essential quality standards that can be used to examine whether the organizations are attaining the expected level of the social accounting procedures. The rules are applied to the company to determine whether the agency reports and audits that the accepted level (Potter Soderstrom, 2012). The key aspects mentioned in theory are stakeholder's inclusivity, comparatively with other organizations over a period, completeness of the report, continuous evolution, disclosure, external verification, Management policy and systems, and ongoing improvement. These eight aspects help us to care what the organization is currently doing in line with ethical and social sustainability and therefore establish their level (Guzzabocca, 2014). Origin Australia and Westpac Corporation are both working towards achieving an acceptable level of social accounting. This is evidenced by self-reports that they release occasionally. An examination of these companies as discussed above ethical, social and sustainability reports, shows that both companies have put efforts and they comply with most of the Zadoks standards in most aspects. The two companies have established CSR strategies and activities which they are implementing and showing efforts to achieve the Zadoks standards (Chin, 2013). Company values of Origin Australia and Westpac The values of Westpac Corporation are the integrity, one team, and achievement. These values have played a role guiding and moving the company towards its sustainability performance and thus become a leader in the industry in the entire of Australia. These values of Westpac Corporation play a critical role in helping it to achieve most of its targets in business. Ethical and social sustainability reports show a lot of efforts invested by the team which is eager to succeed and realizes their objectives (Buhr, 2007, pp. 57-69). The values of Westpac have also helped the company to work with flexible working hours to improve on customer service thus improving their satisfaction. Also, the values have contributed to increasing employee engagement and commitment, and thus enhanced their commitment towards improving the ethical and social sustainability of this company. It is, therefore, evident that the values of Westpac have played a significant role in promoting the corporate social responsibility of this business enterprise ("Westpac - Personal, Business and Corporate Banking," n.d.). On the other hand, Origin Energy has its values as caring, listening, learning and delivering. An analysis of the values of Origin Australia brings it out clear the companys commitment to providing the ethical and social sustainability expectations. The company considers caring and listening about the impacts of their services or actions on their customers, the community, their colleagues, environment and the shareholders. Embedding this important consideration of the CSR in the company values has a great positive impact on the ethical and social performance level of this organization. The values of the company influence the general organizational culture which in turn affects directly the way employees carry out their tasks and how they handle issues thus an impact on the ethical and social performance of the company ("Electricity Providers Gas Suppliers - Origin Energy," n.d.). Group Discussions We held many meeting regarding this subject of CSR. We discussed the activities of CSR in the broad sense and the impact those CSR activities had on the overall sustainability and profitability of the company. We were suspicious about some activities in our environment and the entire country that seemed to be the CSR activities of some businesses in our nation. Out of this suspicion, we developed the interest of identifying the companies to research on their ethical and social sustainability. We, therefore, agreed to go and research on the various businesses that seemed appropriate for us to embark on their investigation into the CSR operations (Armstrong, 2012). In our meeting that followed, we presented our different findings on the two companies for our study and later on agreed to go for two organizations from Australia but various industries. We landed on Westpac Corporation and the Origin Australia. The group initially believed that the two companies only made partial efforts towards the ethical and social sustainability issues, but we realized after the investigation that the two companies significantly consider social sustainability and they have therefore put in a lot of efforts to achieve a greater of CSR performance (Crane Matten, 2010). Conclusion In conclusion, ethical and social sustainability of companies is a critical aspect of business operation. Organizations should work to improve their interactions, care and listen to the actions of customers, their community, their colleagues, environment, and the shareholders. Such actions have an impact on the brand image in the market and therefore, in turn, have a bearing on the sustainability and profitability of the organization. Different businesses have varying levels of ethical and social sustainability measure in comparison to Zadeks standards. The difference in these standards is mainly attributed to the cultural differences and also to the industry differences. Most organizations have put a lot of efforts in improving their CSR because they understand the impact they have to the organization. Origin Australia and Westpac are good examples of those organizations that are striving to achieve an acceptable level of social accounting. They are mainly trying to embed CSR in their company values as a strategy to make the best. This has helped them to improve their sustainability and the overall profitability. References Albareda, Laura; Lozano, Josep M.; Ysa, Tamyko (2007). "Public Policies on Corporate Social Responsibility: The Role of Governments in Europe." Journal of Business Ethics.74(4): pp. 391407 Armstrong J, Scott G, Kesten C. (1 December 2012)."Effects of corporate social responsibility and irresponsibility policies" Journal of Business Research. Buhr, N (2007). InSustainability Accounting and Accountability pp. 57-69 Chin M.K., Trevio, Linda, Hambrick, Donald (2013). "Political Ideologies of CEOs: The Influence of Executives' Values on Corporate Social Responsibility. SAGE Journals. Johnson Cornell University Crane, A Matten, D, (2010). Business Ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization (3rd Ed.) Oxford: Oxford University Press Eisingerich A, Bhardwaj G. (2011)."Corporate Social Responsibility: Does Social Responsibility Help Protect a Company's Reputation?".MIT Sloan Management Review. 52 (March): pp. 1818. Electricity Providers Gas Suppliers - Origin Energy. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.originenergy.com.au/ Griffin J, Vivari B. (2009). Chapter 11: United States of America: Internal Commitments and External Pressures. In Global Practices of Corporate Social Responsibility pp. 235-250. Guzzabocca L, (January 16, 2014).When a sustainable supply chain begins in Italy, GreenBiz. Retrieved from https://www.greenbiz.com/blog/2014/01/16/when-sustainable-supply-chain-begins-italy Keating B, Qazi A, Kriz A, Coltman, T (2008). "In pursuit of a sustainable supply chain: insights from Westpac Banking Corporation," Supply Chain Management: an International Journal,13(3): pp. 17579 Keating, B, Qazi, A, Kriz, A, Coltman, T (2008). "In pursuit of a sustainable supply chain: insights from Westpac Banking Corporation," Supply Chain Management: an International Journal, 13 (3): pp. 17579 Klarsfeld, A. Delpuech, C. (2008). Hard law, soft law, weak law: the implications of the neo-institutional and social regulation theories on CSR and the distinction between hard and soft law, Working Paper, Toulouse Business School Potter, B Soderstrom, N (2012). 'Can integrated reports replace financial statements?' The University of Melbourne working paper. See C. Dey, (2007). 'Social Accounting at Tradecraft plc: A struggle for the meaning of fair trade,' Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal 20(3)pp.423 - 445. Simnett, R, Vanstraelen, A Chua, WF (2009). 'Assurance on sustainability reports: An international comparison,' The Accounting Review, vol. 84, no. 3, pp. 937-967 Zadek, S., Pruzan, P. and Evans, R (1997). Building Corporate Accountability: Emerging Practice in Social and Ethical Accounting and Auditing. London: Earthscan. Westpac - Personal, Business, and Corporate Banking. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.westpac.com.au/

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Jennifer Connelly essays

Jennifer Connelly essays Jennifer Connelly has, just within the last few years, emerged as a powerhouse actress in her own right. True, I concede that Winslet HAS garnered more nominations in various award categories, but after a blockbuster movie like "Titanic," it's only natural that she would be offered just about any role available, and I do give her credit for choosing wisely. However, although we are not here to debate their respective levels of fame, it is nevertheless important to keep in mind that recognition for challenging and critically acclaimed roles generally emerge only AFTER public acknowledgement. Up until "A Beautiful Mind," Jennifer Connelly was largely unknown to the world despite her rendezvous with fame back in the 80s after "Labyrinth." While "Requiem for a Dream" brought her to the attention of various directors, namely Ron Howard, it wasn't until the completion of "A Beautiful Mind" that finally set her star in motion. "A Beautiful Mind" did for Connelly what "Titanic" did for Winsl et - it put the actress on the map and brought about opportunities for further success. Nor was her performance as Alicia Nash short of the Oscar win in any way, shape, or form; her win was anticipated and expected even amongst the toughest of critics - other nominees in that category were merely dark horses, even the illustrious Ms. Winslet herself. Very rarely does ANY actress pull off a performance so stellar that it leaves little room for any challengers to contest, but Connelly managed to do so. What followed were two roles that were difficult in their respective forms - the role of Betty Ross is often underrated, for if you watch Connelly slice through the character with her uncanny intelligence and ability to perceive and portray a boundless spectrum of emotions, you will understand why acclaimed director Ang Lee demanded the role be played by her and her only. As for the role in "House of Sand ...

Its a Job Application Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Its a Job Application Paper - Essay Example Having acquired substantial professional insight through the experience and observation gained in my clinical placements, I have been able to observe that this leads to improved outcomes. My Nursing Bachelor degree has given me an outstanding knowledge of conventional nursing practices, caring values and latest technology. Throughout my clinical placements, I learned a variety of nursing skills in the profession, while developing the capacity to think and learn practically. I have also been able to expand knowledge in an array of practice settings and have been trained in clinical reasoning and problem-solving. As a dedicated nurse, devoted to working in the demanding career, working at there would develop active participation that call for critical thinking, patience and organizational skills that are prerequisites in delivering a perfect job in every healthcare center. Based on the its mission statement â€Å"To be the top provider of primary and specialized tertiary care, accompany by an appropriate array of inpatient, outpatient and outreach services that improve health and meet community needs,† as a graduate nurse, it can be credible to learn and participate in the nursing programs presented at the medical center that will advance and build my nursing skills. The busy medical center would increase proficiency and efficiency in giving my services in diverse experiences within my scholarly career. Some of the services given at medical center of vast importance in my professional development and career includes Ortho and Spine, level 1 trauma care, Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Cancer Therapy, Urology, Psychiatric services, Gastroenterology, wound and broad stroke centers correspondingly. The supposed weaknesses, strengths, threats and opportunities gained after would increase the ability to convey my skills in different departments in the nursing career. As an active youth with the interest, I will be of vast importance at the medical

Critical Thinking Assignment Polio Crusade Reflection

Critical Thinking Polio Crusade Reflection - Assignment Example The couple should understand that vaccines are safe and only cause minor reactions such as a sore arm once administered to the baby. The couple should also understand that there is more harm likely to occur to a child due to vaccine-preventable disease than by the vaccine itself. For example, failure to give the child polio vaccine will make the baby prone to polio with severe consequences such as paralysis. Therefore, the benefits of vaccines are far more. Moreover, I would like to remind the couple that although polio is almost eradicated in our country, there are still risks. The World health Organization notes that causative agents of some of the eliminated conditions continue to occur in some parts of the world. This means people especially children are vulnerable to causative agents at any time. Hence, the couple should not view disease as something of the past. Lastly, I would like the couple to understand that there has been no established fact that the vaccine causes autism. Studies conducted in the past linking vaccine to autisms have been dismissed. I chose chickenpox as the disease to reflect on various issues raised. It is one of the contagious diseases. The causative agent is varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The condition is easily spread from one person to the other. It is spread to a person that have never had an infection or the person that have not received chickenpox vaccine. It is commonly spread in the air through coughing or sneezing. The virus can also be spread by coming into contact with the chickenpox blisters. There are various signs and symptoms of the disease. The main symptom is a rash that gets itchy. There are also blisters with fluid that later transforms into scabs. The rash first appears on the face, chest, and back. However, the rash later spreads to other parts of the body such as mouth and genital area. The other symptoms include fever, lack of appetite, and headache. There are drugs

Downsizing the Human Resources Department Essay Example for Free

Downsizing the Human Resources Department Essay Human Resources Department manager Pat Sutton is requesting the downsizing of the Human Resources Department. Instead of the eight employees already in place, Pat wants the department pared down to five employees. She wants the names of three employees selected to be terminated. There is no other alternative to termination, and the company policy states that there can be no early retirement and no moving laterally to another department. Cost-cutting measures are now requiring that five employees do the work of eight. In addition to the names of the three employees recommended for termination, Pat wants to know what action management should take if any of the three employees decide to file a discrimination case against the company and what the employees would have to prove in order to win a discrimination case. Employees Recommended for Termination Pat, I have chosen the three employees to be terminated based on their skill set, work experience, and job function within the Human Resources department. The three to be terminated are: Diane—she has been with the company for 10 years, and although she is an outstanding worker, her attendance problems have cost the company. Horatio—he has only been with the company for six months, is just learning insurance and health matters, and his skills are marginal at best. Greg—he has been with the company for five years and has shown an ability to quickly learn complex areas of work. However, he has not been trained in tech hiring, and his job skills are just average. Of the three named employees, one is female and two are male. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is the main law of employment that is pertinent to these three employees. Possible Cases of Discrimination against Cost Club There are three different types of discrimination cases that could be file by the three employees. Race discrimination—Horatio could file a case of this type. He is Hispanic and has not quite grasped the English language. He would have to prove that because he is Hispanic and has a limited knowledge of English, the company terminated him. I really do not think that Horatio would win if he decided to file a racial discrimination case against the company. His minimal skills in health and insurance after six months are more than enough reason to terminate him. Gender discrimination—Diane could file a case of this type. Her attendance problems stem from her children’s sicknesses over the years. She would have to prove that her termination stemmed from her being a female and missing work due to her sick children. We may have a tough time if Diane files this type of case against the company. She is an outstanding worker and her only blemishes are her missed days of work due to her sick children. Religious discrimination—Greg could possibly file a case of this type. His religious convictions prevent him from working on Saturday or Sunday. This forces other workers to work weekends more frequently. Greg would have to prove that the company terminated him because his religion keeps him from working on the weekend. Greg would have a hard time winning a discrimination case if he were to file, because his work is just average at best. With regard to each employee’s possible claim of discrimination, the company should prepare itself by carefully looking into each employee’s work performance employee performance appraisals. After all, the company needs to offer the three workers more than just a â€Å"we had to terminate three people and you were one of them† explanation. Failure to promote qualified employees is a form of adverse employment action. Employee performance appraisals provide written documentation and prove the employer acted fairly in terminating an employee. Documenting Performance Improvement Plans (PIPs)  The Performance Improvement Plan (PIP) is intended to smooth the progress of positive conversation involving an employee and his or her manager and to explain the work performance that needs development. The PIP is put into effect, at the choice of the manager, when it is deemed essential to assist an employee in improving his or her performance. This arrangement allows managers to set objectives, determine procedures, manage evaluation meetings, and record development. No particular quantity of time is needed for a worker to adhere to a PIP. As a matter of fact, if no improvements are made, an employee can be terminated after a number of weeks. Performance Improvement Plans have an awful reputation amongst personnel who view them as the last step in terminating employment. This is because numerous companies apply Performance Improvement Plans the wrong way or use them for generating a lawful safety net prior to ending employment. Performance Improvement Plans should only be applied if a manager sincerely believes that the worker possesses the ability to improve. Every other thing is agonizing for the worker and takes up too much time for human resources staff and managers. Regarding human resources personnel and managers, a Performance Improvement Plan is more or less hardly ever fitting. If a supervisor is performing poorly or at a level below standards to necessitate a Performance Improvement Plan, it is very rare that he or she will salvage the needed assurance of subordinate employees or his or her own manager. Human Resource organizations possess more than enough admission to extremely private, unique data. Moreover, because of their place in the organization, the harm to your belief in them and their trustworthiness is almost impossible to overcome. Dispute Resolution Process A dispute resolution process is categorized into two types: adjudicative and consensual. In an adjudicative dispute resolution process, an arbitrator, judge, or jury decides the result of the arbitration or litigation. During a consensual dispute resolution process, such as mediation, collaborative law, negotiation, or conciliation, the participants try to come to an agreement (FITT, 302). For the three employees we are terminating, we would need an adjudicative dispute resolution process. This way, an arbitrator can decide the outcome of the case. Responding to Charges of Discrimination Should we be charged with discrimination from terminated employees, we will follow these steps: 1. Gather documents and evidence but wait to interview witnesses and meet with the company’s legal specialist to decide who must manage the inquiry. It may be essential to run an investigation that we reveal to the examining organization, or it may be more vital to run an investigation that can be suppressed. Nevertheless, we should amass any records which specify what actually happened. If a discrimination claim is made founded on a â€Å"disparate impact,† we will need to collect some simple material concerning the diversity of the company’s workforce. This way, the company’s attorney can determine if that data has any importance statistically. 2. If we opt to prepare a re-tort to the discrimination charges on our own, we should take into account that we have numerous onlookers. Initially, some EEOC offices will send a duplicate of the reply to the terminated worker or his/her legal counsel. If the employee or the EEOC chooses to take legal action, they are apt to attempt to exploit the company’s stance as substantiation in their argument. The simple rule to constantly abide by is to just state the facts. Do not state undesirable points about the terminated worker that are case irrelevant, and be sure to corroborate all testimony with any documents available. We should only give the EEOC additional information if it strengthens the company’s stance. This is my recommendation on who should be terminated and what avenues of approach we should take should any discrimination charges be brought against the company.

How important is Tourism and Agriculture for the Dominican Republic eco

Thesis Statement How important is Tourism and Agriculture for the Dominican Republic economy. Outline Agriculture †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the base of Dominican economy †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  35% labor force †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Produces of Dominican Republic are; coffee, cacao, tobacco, cotton, rice, beans, potatoes, etc. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Dominican agriculturists are responsible for supplying most of the Dominican food to the population. Tourism †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the most important aspects I the Dominican economy. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Because of location, Dominicans people and climate, Dominican Republic is one of the most visited countries in the Caribbean by tourists. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Also helps in the social development since they are constantly receiving people from other countries. Draft â€Å"The Dominican Republic is a middle-income developing country primarily dependent on agriculture, trade, and services, especially tourism. Although the service sector has recently overtaken agriculture as the leading employer of Dominicans, agriculture remains the most important sector in terms of domestic consumption and is in second place in terms of export earnings. Tourism accounts for more than $1 billion in annual earnings. Free Trade Zone earnings and tourism are fasted-growing export sectors.† In the following essay I am going to write about how important is tourism and agriculture is for the Dominican Republic Economy. Agriculture has been the economic base of the Dominican Republic from its beginnings, thanks to the globalization, the foreign trade and the persistence to satisfy to the population in agreement with the new international demands, has caused that the recent governments to be directed towards other forms of finances. The citizens also have been very cooperative interchanging agricultural goods and other simple works by the modern commerce, as they are: businesses, stores, etc. This reason does not make agriculture less important. The farming sector is responsible in replacing most of foods to the Dominican population; which covers 80% of all foods consumed in the Dominican Republic by the small and medium agriculturists. â€Å"The Dominican Republic recently has signed a free trade agreement with the United States. It is anticipated that the Dominican... ... that if they apply ecotourism and make also a good publicity, it will attract more tourists to the country and make a much more prosper economy. On the other hand the agreement they just signed with the United States will help Dominican Republic as well, since it will inject more money to its country. In Dominican Republic there is a lot of poverty and I think that with this agreement people will get more jobs. They both eco-tourism and agriculture will also help a lot of unemployed people that the country currently has, since there are going to be more jobs available to offer and there is going to be more things to do. Reference List †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/dotoc.html †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.nationmaster.com/country/dr/Agriculture †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/caribbean/dominican_republic/ †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.dominicanrepublic.com/ †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://kiskeya-alternative.org/publica/afuller/rd-tourism.html †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://aol.countrywatch.com/aol_topic.asp?vCOUNTRY=51&SECTION=APP&TOPIC=SRMAT&TYPE=APPEN

Five Force Analysis

Rogers Chocolate: Five Force Analysis Feedback A graphic portrayal of the five-forces model for the chocolate industry is shown in below. At the end of the analysis, always state a conclusion: Rivalry Among Competing Premium Chocolate Producers—a Moderately Strong Competitive Force In the discussion of the five competitive forces that follows, we use a + sign to indicate factors acting to strengthen rivalry and a – sign to indicate factors acting to weaken rivalry.The +/– signs are shown in parentheses. ?The Canadian premium chocolate industry has been growing by about 20% annually while the chocolate industry as a whole has been relatively stagnant or falling. (–) ? The gap between the growth of the premium and lower quality markets has spurred a movement by large, traditionally low quality, manufacturers into the premium market through acquisitions and upmarket launches. (+) ? Product differentiation is moderate among makers of premium chocolates.While t here is some differentiation with respect to the quality of the chocolate produced, the main differentiating feature is the packaging of the product which helps draw first time users to one premium brand over another. (+) ? Competitors consistently pursue premium placement and packaging changes that make their product more attractive to the consumer. (+) ? With large percentages of annual sales being seasonal, advertising and competitive jockeying for retail sales intensifies during the most profitable periods of the year. (+) ? Switching costs to consumers is low.While the costs of switching from one brand to another are low, consumers of premium chocolates tend to be brand loyal. (–) ? The industry is mostly regional with only a few large players. (neutral) ? Most competitors have similar strategies, offering some customization on wholesale and online purchases and maintaining standardized retail operations. (+) Threat of Entry—A Strong Competitive Force ?With the in dustry currently composed primarily of regional players there are not significant economies of scale in production that would prohibit entry. (+) ?Significant learning curve effects and lower fixed costs independent of scale, such as favorable long-term leases in retail locations, for incumbents exist that could discourage new entrants. (–) ?Strong brand loyalty and preferences for existing brands would make it difficult for new entrants to take market share. (–) ? There are high capital requirements in the form of manufacturing facilities, machinery, retail space, and distribution channels to launch large scale operations but low capital requirements for local and some regional operations. (neutral) ?With the industry growing at 20% annually potential entrants may see room to flourish in an underserved market. (+) ? This high growth has caused large, well known, low quality manufacturers with large resources to begin positioning themselves to enter this market. (+) ? With a large portion of the market consisting of baby boomers, there is potential for market growth for decades to come. (+) Competition from Substitutes—Varies Depending on the Taste Preferences of Consumers ? The primary consumers of premium chocolates appreciate high product quality and have a high level of brand awareness.Traditional off-the-shelf candy and chocolates do not compare in the minds of these consumers. This leaves very few substitutes that include upscale, premium candies, cakes, and ice creams. (–) ? Switching costs to the few substitutes are low. (+) ?Average consumers that may purchase premium chocolates on special occasions or as gifts have a wide array of readily available substitutes. The substitutes to these consumers are traditional candy bars, flowers, stuffed animals, hard candy, etc. , etc. (+) ? Substitutes are readily available and are sold at lower price points. (+) ? Switching costs for these consumers are also low. (+)The Bargaining Pow er and Leverage of Suppliers—Weak to Moderate for Packaging Inputs; Moderate to Strong for Product Inputs ? Packaging inputs for the industry can be procured from a multitude of suppliers located around the world. (–) ? There are some costs to switching packaging suppliers for industry members but these costs are not so extreme that they prevent switching. (neutral) ? Packaging inputs are readily available from most suppliers. (–) ? Suppliers of packaging inputs are heavily relied upon to deliver inputs on time and in conjunction with production runs. These inputs are also a large portion of overall product costs. +) ? It is not economically viable for industry members to backward integrate into production of packaging inputs. (+) ? It is not likely that suppliers will integrate forward. (–) ? Consumer concerns for human rights and environmentally safe packaging increases the pressure on industry members to procure packaging inputs from what are considere d responsible suppliers or to pressure suppliers into producing packaging inputs under set terms and conditions. (neutral) ? Production inputs to the industry, such as cocoa beans, are a commodity but can only be grown in certain climates restricting the number of suppliers. +) ? Switching suppliers of production inputs can be costly if they come from regions or continents other than what the industry member is currently using. This may require new procurement channels and transportation methods. (+) ? Production inputs can be in short supply or abundant depending on the climate that year. (neutral) ? Production inputs are basically standard across the industry. (–) ? Suppliers provide inputs that account for a large portion of the product cost. (+) ? It is neither feasible nor economically viable for market participants to integrate into the production of these inputs. +) ? It is not likely that suppliers will integrate forward. (–) ? Consumer concerns for human right s increases the pressure on industry members to procure production inputs from what are considered responsible suppliers or to pressure suppliers into producing inputs under set terms and conditions. (neutral) The Bargaining Power and Leverage of Buyers—Weak for Consumers; Moderate for Wholesale Buyers ? Cost of switching brands for retail/online buyers is low, and despite high brand loyalty, many buyers may switch to another brand if they perceive the brand to be equivalent in quality at a lower price. +) ? Number of buyers is large and the individual buyer is a small portion of the total business. (–) ? Retail/Online buyer purchases are infrequent and small. (–) ? Retail/Online buyers can postpone purchases. (+) ?There are equivalent products from competitors available. (+) ? Cost of switching brands for wholesale buyers, such as large retail chains, is low when there are no contracts in place; however, if contracts are in place the switching costs are high. ( neutral) ? Wholesale buyers purchase in larger quantities and on a more regular basis. (+) ?Wholesale buyers can easily compare prices, costs and product quality. (+) ? There is a moderate threat of wholesale buyers, such as food retailers, integrating into this industry. (neutral) ? There are equivalent products from competitors available. (+) ? Wholesale buyers are not able to postpone purchases as easily as individual buyers. (–) Conclusions concerning the overall strength of competitive forces. The overall competitive pressures on the premium chocolates industry are moderate and that industry conditions are favorable to above average profit margins.However, when considering the threat of new entrants, the growth potential and the resources that some potential entrants control, this industry is likely to see an increase in the number and/or size of industry participants in the near future. This will inevitably result in an increase in the rivalry among industry participant s. An increase in supplier power could result if large manufacturers arrange strategic alliances and/or sole provider contracts with suppliers that restrict the inputs available to other industry participants.

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