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Question: Discuss about the Building Corporate Accountability for Emerging Practice. Answer: Introduction: Origin Australia and Westpac are among the big Australian companies operating in the energy industry and banking sector respectively. Westpac was established in the year 1917 in Sydney as the Bank of New South Wales (BNSW) being the first bank in Australia. It later changed the name to Westpac Banking Corporation in 1982. Its headquarters are located at Westpac Place, Sydney. It is ranked among the top four banks in Australia. The company has over 13.1 million customers with over 1429 branches ("Westpac - Personal, Business and Corporate Banking," n.d.). It is the second largest bank in Australian terms of assets. This, therefore, shows that this company has an influence on the Australian economy (Keating et al., 2008, pp. 17579). On the hand, Origin Energy is the leading Australian power provider both to homes and businesses. The company has its headquarters located in Sydney, Australia but running the business up to Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific. It specializes in exploring the energy, its production, power generation and electricity retailing; selling of energy to many households in Australia. The company has been in operation in the energy industry since its formation in the year 2000. At the moment, the company supplies electricity to over 4.2million customers in Australia and also produces and sales natural gas and LPG in the country. Origin is, therefore, an established company in Australian energy sector ("Electricity Providers Gas Suppliers - Origin Energy," n.d.). Comparison of Origin Australia and Westpac Westpac has an established system of reporting the social and ethical performance. Its primary reporting tools are the website and the Stakeholder Impact Report. This report covers the social and moral metrics of the company; covering the issues of employees, the community, customers and the shareholders. Also, at Westpac, the data integrity of the Stakeholder Impact Report is beyond testing to ensure independence in their corporate responsibility ("Westpac - Personal, Business and Corporate Banking," n.d.). Besides, Westpac has set a sustainability committee which has been mandated to oversee and guide the business in the social, ethical and sustainable well-being of the organization. Through the committee, the company can handle and manage the ever-changing community expectations. The board manages all aspects of the ethical and social well-being of the company; including reviewing, overseeing, setting corporate standards and monitoring among others (Eisingerich Ghardwaj, 2011, pp. 1818). Westpac has also embedded its ethical and social sustainability in its strategy, and its values have gone ahead to be extended to the products, brand, and services. The organizations approach is based on the wider and integrated view of the CSR. Through this, the group has managed to convince most of its customers that Westpac is a strong brand in the market offering the best services in the industry ("Westpac - Personal, Business and Corporate Banking," n.d.). This has, therefore, the sustainability of Westpac and has even made the company to win many awards in Australia concerning its CSR practices. Origin releases sustainability reports annually since it is in the enterprise values to deliver this responsibility. The company uses Strategic Net Promoter Score as a customer satisfaction measure to establish its level of interaction with the stakeholders (Keating, et al., 2008, pp 17579). This, therefore, helps the company to get figures and understand the level of the social, ethical and sustainability performance level of the enterprise. The company has enhanced digital service to improve on the stakeholder's interactions with the enterprise. Also, the company has provided extended call center hours to improve customer satisfaction. Besides, Origin considers environmental conservation as a corporate social responsibility and has put a lot of efforts to ensure that it achieves this. It is currently the Australian provider leader in renewable and low carbon energy provider (Albareda, et al., 2007, pp. 391-407). Explanation for Difference in Social Responsibility Explanation of the differences in the range and number of ethical, social and sustainability issues handled at Origin Australia and Westpac can be attributed to their industry differences. The two organizations operate in different industries with Westpac working in finance and banking sector while Origin Australia is operating in Energy Industry. In as such much as some ethical, social issues may be common to the two industries, most of them are different because the two companies have different processes of carrying out their business with different organizational structures (Griffin Vivari, 2009, pp. 235-250). This differences in industries prompt the companies to formulate policies appropriate policies that suit them. This, therefore, brings differences in the sustainability reports of the two companies (Simnett, et al., pp. 937-967). Besides, the difference in the sustainability reports and range of issues handled between Origin Australia and Westpac can be explained to be associated with the difference in organizational culture that exists between the two organizations (Klarsfeld Delpuech, 2008). Different companies have different corporate cultures. This has effects on the way ethical and social issues are handled in a given company. Organizational culture influences the way employees of a given company to handle their problems. This, therefore, brings out the difference between the two businesses (Dey, 2007, pp.423-445). Zadek et al. (1997) outlined eight essential quality standards that can be used to examine whether the organizations are attaining the expected level of the social accounting procedures. The rules are applied to the company to determine whether the agency reports and audits that the accepted level (Potter Soderstrom, 2012). The key aspects mentioned in theory are stakeholder's inclusivity, comparatively with other organizations over a period, completeness of the report, continuous evolution, disclosure, external verification, Management policy and systems, and ongoing improvement. These eight aspects help us to care what the organization is currently doing in line with ethical and social sustainability and therefore establish their level (Guzzabocca, 2014). Origin Australia and Westpac Corporation are both working towards achieving an acceptable level of social accounting. This is evidenced by self-reports that they release occasionally. An examination of these companies as discussed above ethical, social and sustainability reports, shows that both companies have put efforts and they comply with most of the Zadoks standards in most aspects. The two companies have established CSR strategies and activities which they are implementing and showing efforts to achieve the Zadoks standards (Chin, 2013). Company values of Origin Australia and Westpac The values of Westpac Corporation are the integrity, one team, and achievement. These values have played a role guiding and moving the company towards its sustainability performance and thus become a leader in the industry in the entire of Australia. These values of Westpac Corporation play a critical role in helping it to achieve most of its targets in business. Ethical and social sustainability reports show a lot of efforts invested by the team which is eager to succeed and realizes their objectives (Buhr, 2007, pp. 57-69). The values of Westpac have also helped the company to work with flexible working hours to improve on customer service thus improving their satisfaction. Also, the values have contributed to increasing employee engagement and commitment, and thus enhanced their commitment towards improving the ethical and social sustainability of this company. It is, therefore, evident that the values of Westpac have played a significant role in promoting the corporate social responsibility of this business enterprise ("Westpac - Personal, Business and Corporate Banking," n.d.). On the other hand, Origin Energy has its values as caring, listening, learning and delivering. An analysis of the values of Origin Australia brings it out clear the companys commitment to providing the ethical and social sustainability expectations. The company considers caring and listening about the impacts of their services or actions on their customers, the community, their colleagues, environment and the shareholders. Embedding this important consideration of the CSR in the company values has a great positive impact on the ethical and social performance level of this organization. The values of the company influence the general organizational culture which in turn affects directly the way employees carry out their tasks and how they handle issues thus an impact on the ethical and social performance of the company ("Electricity Providers Gas Suppliers - Origin Energy," n.d.). Group Discussions We held many meeting regarding this subject of CSR. We discussed the activities of CSR in the broad sense and the impact those CSR activities had on the overall sustainability and profitability of the company. We were suspicious about some activities in our environment and the entire country that seemed to be the CSR activities of some businesses in our nation. Out of this suspicion, we developed the interest of identifying the companies to research on their ethical and social sustainability. We, therefore, agreed to go and research on the various businesses that seemed appropriate for us to embark on their investigation into the CSR operations (Armstrong, 2012). In our meeting that followed, we presented our different findings on the two companies for our study and later on agreed to go for two organizations from Australia but various industries. We landed on Westpac Corporation and the Origin Australia. The group initially believed that the two companies only made partial efforts towards the ethical and social sustainability issues, but we realized after the investigation that the two companies significantly consider social sustainability and they have therefore put in a lot of efforts to achieve a greater of CSR performance (Crane Matten, 2010). Conclusion In conclusion, ethical and social sustainability of companies is a critical aspect of business operation. Organizations should work to improve their interactions, care and listen to the actions of customers, their community, their colleagues, environment, and the shareholders. Such actions have an impact on the brand image in the market and therefore, in turn, have a bearing on the sustainability and profitability of the organization. Different businesses have varying levels of ethical and social sustainability measure in comparison to Zadeks standards. The difference in these standards is mainly attributed to the cultural differences and also to the industry differences. Most organizations have put a lot of efforts in improving their CSR because they understand the impact they have to the organization. Origin Australia and Westpac are good examples of those organizations that are striving to achieve an acceptable level of social accounting. They are mainly trying to embed CSR in their company values as a strategy to make the best. This has helped them to improve their sustainability and the overall profitability. References Albareda, Laura; Lozano, Josep M.; Ysa, Tamyko (2007). 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